Mandarin

1. the standard literary and official form of Chinese, spoken by over 730 million people.
2. an official in any of the nine top grades of the former imperial Chinese civil service.
3. a powerful official or senior bureaucrat, especially one perceived as reactionary and secretive.

   a civil service mandarin

late 16th century (denoting a Chinese official): from Portuguese mandarim, via Malay from Hindi mantrī ‘counsellor’.

1. a small flattish citrus fruit with a loose yellow-orange skin.
2. the citrus tree that yields the mandarin.

late 18th century: from French mandarine ; perhaps related to mandarin¹, the colour of the fruit being likened to the official's yellow robes.